What Was The Money Used For In Ebola
Central Points
- The ongoing Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Congo-brazzaville (DRC) has required increasing amounts of external support from donors (for more information on the outbreak, encounter KFF'south explainer). Yet there has been limited data almost donor funding to date and a lack of a centralized reporting mechanism for tracking funding.
- This analysis provides an updated overview of donor funding for the DRC Ebola response past source. Highlights include:
- We estimate that from August 2018, when the outbreak began, through early on December 2019, approximately $734 million was provided past donors to accost Ebola in the DRC.
- More than than half (57.8%) was provided past donor governments bilaterally, including the U.S., with a big share (40.1%) provided by multilateral and international organizations and a pocket-sized proportion (two.2%) provided by non-profits, such equally private foundations.
- The U.Southward. provided the largest corporeality of back up ($252 meg), followed by the World Depository financial institution ($170 million), the United Kingdom ($78 million), the World Health System (WHO) Contingency Fund for Emergencies ($73 one thousand thousand), and the European Union ($52 million).
- Nigh half of funding (49%), including about a 5th of U.S. funding, was provided in directly back up of the official DRC response plans, which guide national response strategy and enumerate resource needs. This could have implications for the coordination of donor efforts and whether funding is being directed to the most critical or pressing activities.
- There is also considerable uncertainty about the future of U.Southward. support since it is unclear how much funding remains available for use in the response, whether the current administration will request additional funds, and whether Congress will provide such funding.
Donor Funding for the DRC Response
Based on analysis of publicly available information, nosotros estimate that donors provided approximately $734 million in overall financial back up for the DRC Ebola response from August 2018, when the outbreak began, through early December 2019 (run across Tabular array ane). We attributed funding to donor governments for Ebola when designated for this purpose, whether provided bilaterally to the DRC or earmarked for Ebola but provided to a multilateral organization or musical instrument. We attributed funding to a multilateral arrangement where that multilateral organization specifically designated full general funds for this purpose. Data sources are provided in Table 1.
| Table one: Donor Funding for the Current Ebola Response in the DRC (Aug. 2018 – Dec. xi, 2019) | ||
| Donor | Estimated Funding (in U.s.$ millions) | Information Source |
| Total | 733.eight | |
| Donor Governments | 424.0 | |
| Australia | 0.4 | DRC/Partners SRP iii |
| Canada | ii.2 | DRC/Partners SRP three; WHO |
| China | 3.five | WHO |
| Denmark | 4.eight | OCHA |
| European union | 52.4 | European Spousal relationship |
| France | 1.0 | OCHA |
| Germany | 8.9 | WHO |
| Republic of ireland | iii.iv | OCHA; WHO |
| Italian republic | 0.nine | OCHA |
| Nihon | 5.1 | OCHA |
| Luxembourg | 0.6 | WHO |
| Norway | 3.5 | OCHA |
| South korea | ane.0 | WHO |
| Sweden | 4.2 | WHO |
| Switzerland | 1.4 | OCHA |
| United kingdom | 78.iv | U.K.; WHO |
| U.s.a. | 252.4 | USAID; WHO |
| Centers for Illness Command and Prevention (CDC) | 0.five | WHO |
| U.S. Agency for International Evolution (USAID) | 251.9 | USAID |
| -Role of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) | 203.0 | USAID |
| -Nutrient for Peace (FFP) | 37.0 | USAID |
| -Bureau for Global Health (GH) | 12.0 | USAID |
| Multilateral and International Organizations | 294.0 | |
| African Development Bank | 1.0 | WHO |
| Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance | 26.5 | Gavi; WHO |
| UNICEF | 0.three | DRC/Partners SRP 2 |
| U.N. Fundamental Emergency Response Fund (CERF) | 12.6 | U.N. CERF |
| U.N. OCHA/DRC Humanitarian Fund | 10.0 | Humanitarian Fund |
| WHO Contingency Fund for Emergencies (CFE) | 73.1 | WHO/CFE |
| Earth Banking concern | 170.0 | Earth Banking company; WHO |
| Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility | 50.0 | Globe Banking company; WHO |
| International Development Association | 120.0 | World Bank; WHO |
| World Food Programme (WFP) | 0.5 | DRC/Partners SRP 3 |
| Non-Profits and Others | 15.ix | |
| Gates Foundation | 6.0 | WHO |
| Paul Allen Foundation | 0.7* | WHO; KFF personal communication |
| Susan T. Buffett Foundation | five.0 | WHO |
| Wellcome Trust | iv.2 | WHO |
| NOTES: Based on publicly-available information as of Dec. 11, 2019. * Reflects funding through Oct. 2019. May not sum to subtotal/total due to rounding. Does not include funding provided past the Democratic Commonwealth of the Congo (DRC) government itself. OCHA amounts include commitments and paid contributions, not pledges and in-kind contributions. U.N.: United Nations. UNICEF: U.N. Children'due south Fund. OCHA: Part for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. | ||
More than one-half (57.8%) of this funding was provided by donor governments bilaterally, including the U.Southward., with large share (twoscore.1%) provided by multilateral and international organizations, such as the World Depository financial institution, and a small proportion (2.2%) provided past non-profits, such as individual foundations.
The U.S. authorities was the largest donor, having provided $252.4 million for activities within the DRC (see Figure 1 and Box 1), followed past the Earth Bank ($170 million), the United Kingdom ($78.4 million), the WHO Contingency Fund for Emergencies ($73.i meg), and the European union ($52.4 million).
Effigy 1: Tiptop 10 Donors to the Current Ebola Response in the DRC (Aug. 2018 – Dec. xi, 2019)
| Box one: Central Sources of U.S. Funding for the DRC Ebola Response |
| U.Due south. Agency for International Evolution (USAID) All of the USAID response funds to date have been drawn from unspent FY 2015 emergency Ebola supplemental appropriations, originally provided by Congress in December 2015. These funds, from USAID's International Disaster Assistance (IDA) account, were designated for "help for countries affected past, or at gamble of being affected by," Ebola.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Although CDC has however to publicly denote the corporeality of funding it has provided for the outbreak response in the DRC over the by year ($0.5 million is reported past WHO as having been contributed past the CDC), its Ebola response funds from Aug. i, 2018, through Sept. xxx, 2019, accept been drawn from unspent FY 2015 emergency Ebola supplemental appropriations designated for Ebola international preparedness and response; according to advice with the agency, this funding was expected to exist wearied by the end of FY 2019, when it was due to elapse. In recent months, Congress has stated that CDC may utilise existing funds in the Infectious Diseases Rapid Response Reserve Fund, which was established in FY 2019 with $50 1000000 and could have additional funds added in FY 2020, for CDC Ebola response. |
Funding for National Response Plans
The DRC authorities, U.N. agencies such as WHO, and other partners prepared four DRC national Strategic Response Plans ("the plans") to guide and enumerate resource needs for the Ebola response (meet Table ii). We plant that about one-half (49%, $361 meg) of donor funding for the response – including about a fifth (xix%, $47.nine 1000000) of U.S. funding – was identified as straight supporting the national plans.
| Table 2: Funding Requested for the DRC Ebola Response Under National Plans (Aug. 2018 – December. 2019) | ||
| Period | Funding Requested (in U.South. $ millions) | Plan |
| Aug. – Oct. 2018 | 43.8 | Strategic Response Plan 1 |
| Nov. 2018 – Jan. 2019 | 61.3 | Strategic Response Plan 2 |
| Feb. – July 2019 | 147.9 | Strategic Response Plan 3 |
| July – Dec. 2019 | 287.6 | Strategic Response Plan 4 |
| NOTES: Reflects back up for public health response activities; the current plan is complemented by a broader strategy that addresses additional activities related to the response. DRC: Autonomous Democracy of the Congo. | ||
Donors met the funding requests in the kickoff two plans and mostly met that of the third plan. As of early December, they accept provided at least $148.3 meg (via WHO) toward the fourth programme, which requests $287.6 1000000 for public wellness response activities from July through December 2019.
Authorities in the DRC have also requested an boosted $225.6 million for July through December 2019 under a broader strategy that includes other activities, such as economic development, to address social conditions that drive the outbreak. In support of this broader strategy, some donors accept pledged more funding. The World Bank, for instance, pledged up to an additional $300 million ($70 million of which has already been provided), and the Great britain pledged upward to an additional $62.6 meg, or £50 one thousand thousand ($9.7 meg, or £8 meg, of this funding has already been provided for preparedness efforts in neighboring countries, and $23.8 one thousand thousand of this funding has already been provided to WHO). More recently, the European Union has pledged an boosted $54.seven million (€l million) in support of the broader response.
Key Problems for the U.Due south. and Other Stakeholders
Maintaining a robust response to Ebola in the DRC over the next several months, and possibly fifty-fifty longer, will require boosted donor funding. As such, in that location are several issues for the U.Due south. and other donors to consider:
- Overall, information on donor financing is limited and fragmented. No systematic resource or tool for tracking contributions exists, a situation made more circuitous considering the Ebola response is taking place in the context of a broad set of humanitarian crises with multiple multilateral and bilateral funding mechanisms contributing resource across a spectrum of activities (encounter KFF explainer). For the U.Due south. specifically, while some data are bachelor, the total range of funding information has not been provided.
- Coordination of donor funding outside official national response plans is unclear. With nearly half of donor funding for the response – including about a 5th of U.S. financial support – identifiable as directly supporting the official national response plans, it is not clear whether donor efforts are existence coordinated effectively and funding provided for the most critical or pressing activities, including those identified under the official national response plans. With regard to the U.Southward. specifically, there is express information virtually how U.S. funding and efforts are coordinated with U.N. and DRC-led efforts.
- The status of U.S. funding going forrad is uncertain. Information technology is unclear how much funding remains available for use in the U.Due south. response, whether the electric current administration will asking boosted funds, and whether Congress will provide such funding. At USAID, it is unclear what funds remain in the leftover FY 2015 emergency Ebola funding beingness used for response activities. At CDC, all leftover FY 2015 emergency Ebola funding was to exist spent out entirely by the end of FY 2019, but the bureau may apply funds from the emergency reserve fund for its Ebola activities in FY 2020 (see Box 1).
Source: https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/issue-brief/data-note-donor-funding-for-the-current-ebola-response-in-the-drc/
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